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D’après le site Bitcoin.fr

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​What is the mining ?


The mining is the process by which the Bitcoin transactions are secure. To this end the miners carry their hardware mathematical calculations to the Bitcoin network. As a reward for their services, they collect the newly created bitcoins and the costs of transactions they confirm. Currently this award is 12.5 bitcoins per block.

Minors (minors or cooperatives) are competing and their incomes are proportional to the computing power deployed.

To describe the mining, one could use the example of a giant sudoku contest where participants starts a new grid as soon as someone finds a solution, including the difficulty adjusts to a grid is that on average solved every ten minutes. Imagine a giant grid of sudoku, with thousands of rows and columns.

It would be easy enough to check a completed grid is busy. But [...] it will take work to finish! The difficulty of the grids can be adjusted by changing their sizes [...], but they can always be checked easily even if they are very large.


Puzzles to solve in the bitcoin network is based on cryptographic hash and have the same characteristics as those Sudoku puzzles: they are very difficult to solve but it is very easy to verify that a solution is good, and their difficulty can be adjusted. "- Andreas M. Antonopoulos.

That calculate the minors ?

Minors perform cryptographic hashes (two successive SHA256) on what is called a block header. For each new hash, the mining software uses a different random number called the nuncio. Depending on the contents of the block and the value of the nonce, the hash product will look like this:

93ef6f358fbb998c60802496863052290d4c63735b7fe5bdaac821de96a53a9a

This hash can be converted in a very long number. (This is a hexadecimal number, which means that the letters A-F are the numbers 10-15). In order to make mining difficult, there is what is called the target problem. To create a valid block, a minor must find a hash that is below target difficulty.

For example, if the difficulty is: 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 any number that begins with a zero would be accepted and considered inferior to the target.

Example: 0787a6fd6e0782f7f8058fbef45f5c17fe89086ad4e78a1520d06505acb4522f

If we lower the target to: 0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 now we need a beginner number with two zeros : 00db27957bd0ba06a5af9e6c81226d74312a7028cf9a08fa125e49f15cae4979

Because the target is a cumbersome number with many digits, a single number is generally used to express the current target. This number is called the difficulty of mining. The difficulty of mining is calibrated on the first created block. This means that a problem means 70,000 70,000 times more computing power as it took to Satoshi Nakamoto to generate the first block, when he was the only minor and that he was using the CPU of a computer.

The difficulty changes every 2016 blocks. The network adjusts the difficulty that the generation time of the 2016 blocks is 14 days, regardless of the computing power deployed. Therefore the difficulty thus increases with the power of the network.


How does the mining of bitcoins ?

Anyone can become a minor bitcoins using software and specialized equipment. The mining software receives transactions disseminated through the peer to peer network and perform the appropriate tasks to process and confirm the transactions. Minors bitcoins do this work because they can be paid per transaction fees paid by users for faster transaction processing and new bitcoins issued according to a specific formula.

For new transactions are confirmed, they should be included in a block and a mathematical proof of work. Such evidence is very difficult to generate because there is no way to create them other than by testing billions of calculations per second. This forces the miners to perform these calculations before their blocks are accepted by the network before being rewarded. The more minor over the network, the more difficult to find valid blocks is extended automatically by the network to ensure that the time required to find a valid block remains equal to 10 minutes on average. As a result, the mining is a form of very competitive business where no individual minor can not control what is included in the block chain.

The proof work is also designed to be dependent on the previous block to force a chronological order in the block chain. This system makes it exponentially difficult to reverse a previous transaction as this action requires recalculation of working proofs of all subsequent blocks. When two blocks are discovered at the same time, miners working on the first block they receive and rock on the longest chain block when the next block is found. This allows the mining to secure and maintain a global consensus based on processing power.

Minors bitcoins can not cheat by increasing their own rewards or deal with fraudulent transactions that could corrupt the Bitcoin network since all Bitcoin nodes reject any block containing invalid data according to the rules of the Bitcoin protocol. Consequently, the network remains secure even if all minors of bitcoins are not necessarily trust.

bitcoins is it not a mining energy waste ?

Use energy to secure and operate a payment system can hardly be compared to waste. Like any other service payment using Bitcoin involves processing costs. Services necessary for the operation of currently widespread monetary systems such as banks, credit cards and armored vehicles also use a lot of energy. Although unlike Bitcoin, net energy consumption is not transparent and can hardly be measured.

The mining of bitcoins was designed in order to optimize over time with the specialization of equipment and reduced energy consumption. The operating costs of mining should continue to be commensurate with demand. When the mining of bitcoins becomes too competitive and less profitable, some children choose to stop their activities. Moreover, the energy generated by the blasting is converted into heat and the most profitable miners will be those who manage to harness this heat. Optimum blasting network does not waste any energy. Although this is an ideal, the underlying economic system is mining as miners lead it.


How blasting it helps secure Bitcoin ?


The mining creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery making very difficult the subsequent addition of new block transactions in the chain blocks by anyone. This protects network neutrality by preventing any individual to gain the power to block certain transactions. This also prevents any individual to replace portions of the block chain to reverse its own transactions, which could be used to defraud others. The mining makes the reversal of a previous transaction exponentially more difficult by requiring rewriting of all the blocks following this transaction.

What do I need to start to erode ?

At first, anyone could find a new block using their computer processor. As more and more participants began to pour in, the difficulty in finding new blocks has increased dramatically to the point where the only potentially effective method today requires the use of specialized equipment. You can visit BitcoinMining.com for more information.

How undermine bitcoins ?

The mining of bitcoins is no longer a profitable business for individuals. The popularity of Bitcoin generated a huge competition that makes it inaccessible. Only certain industrial sites still manage to profit from this activity.

The mining individually, very time consuming and very little profit, has become an activity for enthusiasts engage in blasting without a minimum of technical knowledge and without having the proper equipment is totally illusory. Before you venture into this adventure, please read the testimony (already former) of Greg Ryder or that of Uriel Benaroch and visit the space dedicated to the mining Bitcointalk forum.

Note in passing the existence of companies that practice "cloud mining" and sell computing capacity to customers who receive in exchange fractions of bitcoins mined, net of management fees. Beware though, some services are very disappointing when it is not just pure scams. In general, even practiced seriously, the "cloud mining" is rarely profitable and is not an advisor to investment.

If, pure activism and to contribute to the proper functioning of the network, you still want to undermine bitcoins, please follow these steps:

Steps

1. Install a mining software on your computer:

Examples:

 - GUI to undermine Kiv (Windows, recommended for beginners)
 - Ckolivas's CGMINER (GPU / FPGA, recommended for experts)
 - Undermine GPU poclbm

2. Register for a cooperative miners (mining pool)

Miner solo is now a very uncertain business, you might use current for months without getting any reward. To counter this, the miners work in teams. You will have to join one of the many "mining pool" (miners' cooperatives) that have emerged since the creation of Bitcoin:

3. Obtain a minor (SHA-256):

Initially, the calculations were carried out on single CPU. Then it is the GPU that have taken over. Then FPGA (field-programmable gate array, or programmable logic arrays) have been specifically programmed for the Bitcoin miner. Today, they are ASICs (application-specific integrated circuit, or ASIC an application) that fulfill this role and make obsolete all the methods previously used.